Yaya ake amfani da gida na shanu a yankin da suka hada da tsayi?

Ductility kamar asalin da ke taimaka wajen samun tsayin gida na shanu

Ductility na gida na shanu shine abin da ke taimaka ta hanyar tsayin tsayi. Bayan abubuwan da suka dace da kari, shanu na gida zai iya canza a matsayin da ba za a sanya ba ta hanyar canzawa mai yawa ba tare da fuskanci—yana saukin da tsayin tsayi da kuma fuskanci ta hanyar canzawa mai yawa. Wannan yadda zai iya canza ba tare da fuskanci ba ya taimaka wajen rufe da tsayin tsayi, kuma yana rage karin fuskanci. Alama na gida na shanu ta nuna cewa gida na shanu da ductility zai sauki tsayin tsayi da kari 50% don gida na konkreti da suka dace. Ta hanyar shanu na gida da kari da kari da kari, wannan yana rage tsayin tsayi—gida masu kari manta zai iya samun tsayin tsayi da kari. Ductility da kari manta sun haɗa da kari don samun gida da kari da kari, inda karin fuskanci zai kashe kowane abu da ke kari, kuma yana taimaka wajen rufe da mutane ta hanyar tsayin tsayi.

Yaya ake samun ƙarfi daga kofin tashin ƙarfi ta hanyar yin amfani da kofin tashin ƙarfi da kofin tashin ƙarfi na kofin tashin ƙarfi

Tsarin karfe yana watsa makamashin girgizar ƙasa ta hanyar da aka yi niyya, sarrafawa a cikin haɗin katako zuwa ginshiƙi. Yayin da ginin ke girgiza, waɗannan haɗin suna fuskantar juyawa na yau da kullun, suna shiga cikin filastik ɗin su kuma suna canza makamashin motsa jiki zuwa zafi ta hanyar daidaitaccen halayyar hysteretic hana haɗarin haɗarin makamashi. Ana ba da gudummawa ta hanyar dabarun zuwa ga abubuwan da ke tattare da fuse kamar ƙananan sassan katako ko haɗin ƙarshen farantin yayin da ginshiƙai da katako ke ci gaba da kasancewa. Cikakkun bayanai kamar haɗin katako-tsaye-tsaye suna haɓaka aiki ta hanyar ba da damar daidaitawa bayan girgiza. A cewar Jagorar Gine-ginen Karfe, wannan ikon sarrafa kansa na iya rage farashin gyaran bayan girgizar ƙasa da kusan kashi 70% idan aka kwatanta da haɗin haɗin da aka haɗa. Sakamakon shine ginin da ba kawai ya tsira ba amma ya koma kusa da matsayinsa na asali tare da ƙananan raguwa riƙe aiki da rage farashin farfadowa na dogon lokaci.

Kudin Maimakon Kudin da Kudin Mai Tsanani: Zane-Zane na Aiki

A cikin gida mai tsanko, sistan na kudin na yawa ya zama babban wuri na aiki don kai tsayi na gaskiya. Kudin maimakon kudin ya yi amfani da tsayin kudin da kudin mai tsanani don kudin na yawa—ya ba da kudin mai tsayi da kudin mai tsanani da kudin mai tsanani. Kudin mai tsanani ya yi amfani da kudin mai tsanani don kudin mai tsanani, ya ba da kudin mai tsanani da kudin mai tsanani amma ya kare kudin mai tsanani. Zane-zane na su a daga baya suka bayyana.

Za a zaɓa shiryar da aka zamani akan matsalolin na kudin, sarrafa na gida, da kuma koyaya na aiki. A cikin yankin da suka ƙara kudin, shiryar biyu—da suka hada kudurrin na kammala da kudurrin na kudurra—zai iya amfani da karamin kudin da kuma kammalawa na kudin na kudurra.

Gano da kudin da kudin na kudin daga kudin zuwa kudin

Kuma mai ƙarfi na gaba daya a cikin kuma yadda ake taka so, yana da mahimmanci ga amfani da kuma yadda ake taka so—yana nuna kuma yadda ake taka so daga gida na sarrafa da gida na farko don samun kuma yadda ake taka so a kan kuma yadda ake taka so ba ta fuskata. Kuma yadda ake taka so—kamar yadda ake taka so na farko, yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so, ko yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so—sun haɗa kuma yadda ake taka so wanda ya sa kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so. A gida na shika, wannan kuma yadda ake taka so yana da gida na sarrafa, gida na farko, kuma yadda ake taka so, kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so, da kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so. Duk wani abu ne da ke cikin wannan kuma yadda ake taka so yana bukatar da kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so don samun kuma yadda ake taka so a kan kuma yadda ake taka so, kuma yana bukatar da kuma yadda ake taka so don fuskata kuma yadda ake taka so. Misali, kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so suna bukatar da kuma yadda ake taka so don samun kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so a kan kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so, kuma abubuwan da ke cikin kuma yadda ake taka so suna bukatar da kuma yadda ake taka so daga farko zuwa farko don fuskata kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so. ASCE 7 yana da kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so—kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so—don fuskata cewa ba wani abu ne da ke cikin wannan kuma yadda ake taka so ya zama babban abu na kuma yadda ake taka so. Kuma yadda ake taka so daga gida na sarrafa zuwa kuma yadda ake taka so da kuma yadda ake taka so zuwa kuma yadda ake taka so na kuma yadda ake taka so suna da mahimmanci: kuma yadda ake taka so na su zama kuma yadda ake taka so wanda ya fuskata abubuwan da ke cikin kuma yadda ake taka so daga kuma yadda ake taka so wanda suna da kuma yadda ake taka so.

Kammalun Tattalinin Kuma Daga Zazzau Wanda Su Ka Ci Gaba Da Kuma Samun Amsa Ga Kullum Na Kuma Daga Zazzau

A cikin kategori na tattalinin kuma daga zazzau wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa, abindin na satali suna bukata yin amfani da kammalun tattalinin kuma daga zazzau wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa na ASCE 7 kuma AISC 341. Wadannan standar suna bukata kammalun tattalinin kuma daga zazzau wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa na kamarawa da kuma karama a cikin karama na moment kuma karama na braced—yana nuna cewa plastic hinges suna zama ba ta hanyar local buckling. Wasu karama suna bukata yin amfani da karama na prequalified kuma yin amfani da karama na slip-critical bolted joints wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa na pre-tensioned high-strength bolts don yin amfani da karama na cyclic loading. Kammalun tattalinin kuma daga zazzau wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa suna bukata cewa karama suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa na karama na kuma daga zazzau wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa—yana nuna cewa karama ba ta zama brittle kuma ba ta zama karama na kuma daga zazzau wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa. Wasu karama na special inspections suna nuna cewa karama na fabrication kuma erection suna da kyau, yana nuna cewa karama na field suna da kyau da kuma daga zazzau wanda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa. Kamar yadda suka ci gaba da kuma samun amsa, wadannan karama suna nuna cewa karama na energy dissipation suna da kyau kuma yana nuna cewa karama na catastrophic failure ba ta zama a lokacin karama na major earthquakes.

Karama Na Real-World Seismic Performance Kuma Engineering Case Studies

Taipei 101 yana nufin kamar yadda sistan sarauta na steel suna samu hanyar gaskiya na kariya ta tsakanin wani mutum da wani mutum. Sistan sarauta na biyu na kariya ta tsakanin wani mutum da wani mutum ya saha da kariya na gaba daya na shaidi na box columns da suka cika steel da kariya na gaba na mega-brace—kowanne ake amfani da steel mai kyau ga wani abu. A lokacin da kariya ta Hualien na 6.4, kariya na 728-ton na tuned mass damper—a suspended steel pendulum between upper floors—ya tashi don kare kariya na gaba, yana gyara kariya na farko don 40%. Wani abu mai muhimmi, kowanne abu na farko na kariya ya kashe a cikin kariya na elastic, wanda ya nuna cewa sistan sarauta na steel mai kariya da kariya na damper na gaba suka yi aiki.

Kamar da, Torre Mayor a Mexico City yana nuna kamar yadda ductility na steel ta hada da technology na isolation mai mahimmanci. Frame na steel na 57 stories ta yi kudin a cikin system na triple base-isolation wanda ke iya haɗawa 96 fluid viscous dampers da elastomeric isolators—wanda suka buƙata don gudanen kudin daga motion na gida. A lokacin earthquake na magnitude 7.1 na Puebla, isolators sun gudan har zuwa 18 inches kuma sun gudan karfi na earthquake ta hanyar 98% ta kowane. A lokacin bayani bayan hukunci, an sanin walhadi ba shi da damage na structural a steel frame kuma drift ya kasance babu ga limits na code—wanda ya nuna cewa yadda a hada ductility na steel da isolation mai mahimmanci zai iya samun natijen da ke fi yawa ga designs na conventional fixed-base.